Class I

Doubled Dies: Class I (Rotated hub Doubling):

Probably the easiest to conceptualize and diagnose. It is simply two separate hubbings, where the second hubbing has been rotated in relation to the first hubbing at or near the center point of the die. They are listed as clockwise (CW) or counter-clockwise (CCW) which pertains the order in which hubbings were made; the second, deeper hubbing is typically regarded as the second hubbing.

Doubling is typically found to be rounded, with notching, separation lines and extra thickness.

Below is a overlay diagram of a fictitious Class I Doubled Die that has a CW rotated spread similar to the King of Doubled Dies, the 1955P DDO-001. Notice how the spread is equal on all devices and increases further out from the center of the coin.

Below are photos of 1972P DDO-001, a Class I DDO with a strong CW spread on all outside devices and parts of the vest. Due to the way a second hubbing eliminates parts of the design impressed from the first hubbing, doubling typically only shows in areas that remain open in the new orientation of the die, thus, only the outside elements of the portrait of Lincoln and the motto show doubling while the center points are lost to the second hubbing.

You can see on the first hubbing G (1.) was entered along with the rest of the design, then the second hubbing was oriented CW to the first and the second G (2.) was hubbed.

Below you can see clear separation between the letters in the motto.

Below is distinctive notching on the upper and lower serifs of the date (the 1 is highlighted).

Below is a Class I Doubled Die on the reverse, listed as 1964P DDR-001, it shows a CCW spread. Again there is clear separation, notches and rounded doubling - it is strongest in STATES and of. Notice that while all devices show some doubling, the upper motto is the strongest, this is due to the pivot point between hubbings, while near the center, being located over the steps rather than the absolute middle of the die.

While all Class I Doubled Dies show rotation, to some degree on all outer devices, not all Class I Doubled Dies are as clear throughout as the examples seen above. Below is a nice Class I DDO, listed as 1941P DDO-002. You can see strong rounded doubling and separation lines on all devices - strongest in IGWT, but the notching is harder to perceive.

NOTCHES:
A notch from hub doubling is the product of overlapping parts of a device that drop off in relation to one another. Notches are most often seen at corners and with serifs.

Now for example if a die shows hub doubling and there is a geographic shift in relation to the rotation (north, south, east or west), the notches will be more apparent. The proceeding illustration shows a CCW rotation with the Red being the first hubbing and the Green the second - the green is also slightly south (or down in relation to the red). While the spread is minor, the notches are obvious as the drop offs are throughout much of the doubling. Even the round parts (like the o and S) show an ellipse that ever so gently comes inward as opposed to straight lines that would be seen with MD.

Now we will see a stronger CCW spread that does not show a significant geographic change in position, the result is fewer notches, but where the design drops off, such as the serifs on the S or the top of the A, there will be minor notching or splits seen.

Next is some notching diagrams to give one an idea of where (and the variety of places) Class I (and also Class V) hub doubling can produce notches.

On to Class II Distorted Hub Doubling...(NEXT PAGE)